Reflections On Winkler s Gunfight The Battle Over The...

Perez 6 Lauren Perez Professor Nix Govt 2305 Tues Thurs 12:15-1:30 4/23/2015 Reflections on Winkler’s ‘Gunfight: The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America’ In his book ‘Gunfight: The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America,’ Wrinkler tried to present an unbiased view towards the second amendment in the light of historical events and landmark cases that has tried to challenge or obtain the court’s interpretation. One of such cases is the ‘District of Columbia v. Heller’ case, which was argued and decided in 2008 (Supreme Court of the United States). For several instances, the provision in the Second Amendment that pertains to the right of an individual to bear arms has been contested. In fact, the clause, which states that â€Å"A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed†, is perhaps the most misconstrued clause in the American constitution (Supreme Court of the United States). Adding to the significance of this highly debatable clause is the fact that a flurry of gun related incidences has happened in the United States in the past that has taken many lives including that of children. Among the most significant authors that has attempted to answer the question or at least laid out the possibilities regarding the second amendment is Adam Wrinkler. In light of Winkler’s arguments as well as with other sources, this paper will examine the historical

How E-Commerce Effects on Trade and Business

Question: Describe about the How E-Commerce Effects on Trade and Business. Answer: Introduction E-commerce started around 1991 with the birth of internet. During its initial years e-commerce was a means of commercial transactions such as (electronic data interchange) EDI and (electronic funds transfer) EFT. From the initial years Amazon and eBay has been associated with e-commerce (Mohapatra 2013: 3-5). The benefits of e-commerce can be shown to: (1) increasing the efficiency of traditional business, (2) decreasing the time and space of a business and (3) creating business at impossible places (Qin et al. 2014: 4-5). Over the years, the B2C has grown faster than B2B. The growth of e-commerce has kept pace with the growth of internet. Literature Survey E-commerce and internet are closely related. The internet has been the single most important factor responsible for the start and the growth of e-commerce. Combined with internet globalisation and information technology have also fuelled the growth of the e-commerce industry (Hasan and Ui 2016). With the help of e-commerce business organisations have been able to maintain a competitive edge over their competitors. Innovation in the field of e-commerce has also helped trade and business. E-commerce has shifted the focus of the customer from the goods to factors like the service, the delivery time and the information of the product. The business organisation doing e-commerce business should be able to identify the trends in e-commerce. E-commerce has affected the mode in which an organisation does business (Zhang et al. 2015). Business organisations have reorganised their marketing strategies because of e-commerce activities. The change in the business strategies has enabled the organisations to improve the operability of the organisations and thereby reduce the cost of operations. The macro-environment factors and the competition amongst the business organisations have a positive impact on the e-commerce performance. E-business can significantly increase the competitiveness of the organisations. Business organisations wanting to start e-business should start with a mix of retail and e-commerce and then can graduate to doing e-business only. The progress in technology and supply chain management has enabled business organisations to operate of a global scale. SMEs have benefitted from e-commerce due to the local market become global (Savrul, Incekara, and Sener 2014). Although the size of SMEs does matter in a global environment, e-commerce can help these SMEs with the help of private and public help. E-commerce plays a role in employment generation and the economic development of the organisation. The economic efficiency of a business organisation and thus the national economy increases due to the growth of e-business. The macro-economic impact of e-commerce is it provides for greater competition in business with substantial lower prices. E-business gives the consumer more choices at a given time (Martinez-Lopez 2013: 15-25). While the lowering of prices by a business house may not provide for better profits but in the long run the expanded choice and increase in economic activity of the business organisations increases the business. From a micro-economic point of view, increase in e-business affects the ICT. In B2C e-commerce trust is a very important factor. Other factors responsible for the growth in B2C e-commerce are the commodity being sold, the service quality and the website services (Qiuping 2016). Since e-commerce depends on the use of internet, hence internet security plays a very important role. The internet security and the reputation of the website plays a role in the growth of e-business. The website features of the e-commerce organisations, the speed of the website and the quality of the website plays a role in the e-commerce of the organisation. The growth of e-commerce is dependent on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of the organisation (Chen 2016). CSR of SMEs has a positive impact on the e-commerce of the organisation. Thus, SMEs should pay importance to CSRs. The increase in e-business can be facilitated by strengthening the CSR and by constructing of enterprise ethics. In e-commerce, customer loyalty is critical for the survival of the business (Chiu et al. 2014). For increasing the business of an organisation, business organisation should concentrate on repeat customers. It has been shown that a customer should purchase at least four times to become a loyal customer. Customers in e-commerce evaluate websites before making a purchase. The consumer behaviours attitude towards initial purchase from e-commerce reveals his intention to use e-commerce. However, his repeat purchase attitudes can be evaluated as his intention to use the same e-commerce site. The repeat purchase intentions of a customer are directly related to his website experience with e-commerce. As of 2012 e-commerce contributes to just 4% of the total trade in Europe (Gomez-Herrera, Martens and Turlea 2014). The impediments to trade in e-commerce are that the goods have to be physically transported. Especially when the goods have to be transported across different countries then the regulatory regimes of the different countries pose some amount of barriers to e-commerce. The second impediment to e-commerce is the online payment system and the parcel delivery system. Information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the most important factors responsible for the growth of e-business. For a business organisation carrying out e-business the external factors for carrying out its activities are the use of the technology, the market and the government (Janita and Chong 2013). A major issue for e-business is the penetration of the technology (internet). The internal factor for the growth of the business is the management of the business organisation. From 2002 to 2012 the share of e-commerce has increased from 15% to 30% (UNCTAD 2015) .The retail trade has increased from $ 3129 billion to $ 4344 billion during the same period. The number of service industry in e-commerce has increased from 11,164 to 12004 from 2010 to 2012. Thus e-commerce has greatly increased the trade and business. Research Question For the purpose of the present research the questions are: How is the e-commerce related to the productivity of the organisation? How has the supply chain management been influenced by e-commerce? What are the factors that have influences e-commerce of the organisation? Research Hypothesis Based on the above research questions the hypothesis can be developed as: E-commerce has not affected the trade volume of the organisation. E-commerce has not affected the revenue of the organisation. Research Design and Methodology For the purpose of the present research, secondary data will be collected from an organisation having business interest in e-commerce. Data will be collected over a five year period. The data should relate to the number of customers, the annual return, and amount of business in volume and revenue over a five-year period. The data would also represent the changes that have been initiated by the business house in supply chain management. Quantitative data would be collected for this purpose. To find the correlation between the different factors a deductive research approach would be used. The growth in the e-commerce of the business would be judged. Data analysis The data on the productivity and revenue over a five-year period would be analysed. The analysis would relate how e-commerce has shaped the organisation. An analysis of the number of customers with the business volume would also be studied. This analysis would provide for the effect of e-commerce on the trade and business of the organisation. The correlation between productivity, revenue, customers and annual return would be studied. This would provide for how the different factors responsible for the growth of the organisation are related. Expected Research Outcome Previous studies have shown that e-commerce has benefitted the trade and business of the business organisation. In the last for years, India has seen a growth of 250% in the number of customers in the e-commerce industry (Khan, Borhade, and Shaikh 2014). Many business SMEs have embraced e-commerce. The impact of e-commerce has been increased efficiency in business and increase in the number of customers while reducing the cost of business. E-commerce has seen newer opportunities for the business and marketing that is more efficient (Pickernell et al.2013). Others factors that influence the growth of trade and business would be considered. The factors that would be considered the various programs that have been taken up by the business organisation in successful implementation of e-commerce. Conclusion It can thus be concluded from the present research that the impact of e-commerce on trade and business has been very positive. The present research show that the there has been an increase in the revenue of the business while a decrease in cost of business. The productivity of the business has also increased. Even though there are concerns of internet security, integrity and privacy the concept, e-commerce has grown by leaps and bounds. E-commerce has been at the forefront of the change in business scenario. Gantt chart Week 1 Week 6 Week 10 Week 13 Week 14 Introduction Literature review Data collection Data analysis Conclusion Figure 1: Gantt chart of the research (Source: created by author) References Chen, Q., 2016. Comprehensive Evaluation of Businesses Strategy and E-Commerce Performance in Smes: A Corporate Social Responsibility Perspective. International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, 9(6), pp.361-370. Chiu, C.M., Wang, E.T., Fang, Y.H. and Huang, H.Y., 2014. Understanding customers' repeat purchase intentions in B2C e?commerce: the roles of utilitarian value, hedonic value and perceived risk. Information Systems Journal, 24(1), pp.85-114. Gomez-Herrera, E., Martens, B. and Turlea, G., 2014. The drivers and impediments for cross-border e-commerce in the EU. Information Economics and Policy, 28, pp.83-96. Hasan, M. and Ui, H., 2016. Entrepreneurship and Innovation in E-Business. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 3(1). Janita, I. and Chong, W.K., 2013. Barriers of b2b e-business adoption in Indonesian SMEs: A Literature Analysis. Procedia Computer Science, 17, pp.571-578. Khan, S. S., Borhade, S.N., and Shaikh, M. S. (2014). Impact of e-commerce on Indian market: Social and economic impact. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(12), 150-154. Marti?nez-Lo?pez, F. (2013). Handbook of strategic e-business management. Springer Science Business Media Mohapatra, S. (2013). E-commerce strategy. New York: Springer. Pickernell, D., Jones, P., Packham, G., Thomas, B., White, G. and Willis, R., 2013. E-commerce trading activity and the SME sector: an FSB perspective. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(4), pp.866-888. Qin, Z., Chang, Y., Li, S and Li. F., (2014). E-Commerce Strategy. Springer. Qiuping, L., 2016. Research on the Customer Satisfaction in Electronic Business Environment based on DEA Method: An Empirical Analysis. environment, 10(4). Savrul, M., Incekara, A. and Sener, S., 2014. The Potential of E-commerce for SMEs in a Globalizing Business Environment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, pp.35-45. UNCTAD, (2015). Information Economy Report 2015 Unlocking the potential for developing countries. United Nations Publications Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., Li, X. and Wang, D., 2015. Research on Operating Performance and E-business Marketing Strategy in Retail Enterprises based on Online Shopping. International Journal of Security and Its Applications, 9(11), pp.87-96.

My Hobby attractions and drawbacks free essay sample

Every person on this planet likes to do something other than work or study all the time. And that is why everybody has his or her own hobby. I never thought I ever had a hobby. As a matter of fact I wasnt even sure what a hobby actually is. Then I got to thinking and I finally realized that my hobby is gaming. Yes, I know that to some people gaming is not considered a true hobby and they think that it is a â€Å"useless† hobby; but the way I see it, if I enjoy gaming and spend my precious time doing it, then I have every right to consider it as my special hobby. Of course, as each hobby does gaming has its pluses and minuses. Firstly, many games are very sociable, either playing against your mates on the sofa or online with other people. Games are aimed at making people to cooperate and chat with each other. We will write a custom essay sample on My Hobby: attractions and drawbacks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, gaming simply socializes you, as you learn how to communicate with people who have different characters, view points, etc. Also it improves your command of language, as many games have a multinational audience and there is a great opportunity for a person to talk to an Englishman, American, Chinese, German, etc. As for me I just turn on English language in the setting of a game and expand my vocabulary playing it. Secondly, games are intellectual and educational, not all of course, but there are plenty of examples. And, actually, I have a good one from my own experience. This is about, how one particular game changed my life. Generally, my attitude to car driving and cars was quite neutral. It did not bother me and I was not interested in it. But since I have played â€Å"Grand Turismo 5† I changed my attitude, opinion, and point of view completely. Creator’s passion that shines through every aspect of the game, incredibly detailed cars, slick presentation and spot-on physics, all these things, made me fall in love with cars and everything related to it. And now I am going to get a driver’s license. Pretty nice change in life caused by the game, isn’t it? Thirdly, playing challenging games develops not only one’s mental skills and abilities but also physical as it improves eye hand coordination and reaction for playing those fast action games, where you need to make decisions and assess the situation very quickly. Also gaming is plain fun. We all know that games were created to entertain people. It is a well-known fact that fun prolongs our life, so play games live more. Simple truth. But of course not everything is so bright, because every coin has the other side. This other side includes such things as live in the virtual reality, physical problems (blurred vision, even obesity), big expenditures (gaming is not a costless hobby as if you want to enjoy games you should have top hardware which is not cheap) and addiction (you know once you have played computer game it will be difficult to stop. But for me listed above disadvantages are smoothed out by a big number of advantages. To sum up I would like to say that gaming is not a â€Å"useless† hobby. For me this hobby is not only a way to relax, to get rid of negative emotions, but also it is a strong tool that allows me to improve my command of language, communicate with people of different nationality and just have a fun.

The representatin of the Gauch essays

The representatin of the Gauch essays During the 1820s there was no national government in Argentina, at least not one which survived for long. In the year 1820, the year of anarchy, the province of Buenos Aires itself had at least twenty-four governors. In the rest of the country government was in the hands of the local gaucho leaders - caudillos. The gauchos are a mixture of Spanish and Indian blood who roam the pampa, their every want is provided by the catlle and the horses of the pampa. The national character of the Argentine people was already distinctive and had pronounced that it had aquired its special quality from the gauchos themselves e.g. persoanl independance and personal rule. In the 1920s a number of regionalist novels written in Latin America attracted international attention. Don Segundo Sombra, written by Ricardo Guiraldes and published in 1926, was amongst the first Latin American novels to be translated into the European languages and to be read by a public which had no first-hand knowldge of the areas which the author describes. The commited write tended to think of the modernist or post-modernist as decadent, too interested in aesthetic problems and not interested enough in I the problems of his society. With the 1920s and the acctive engagement of many writers in the political struggle these differences were accentuated. Roughness, documentary truth and realism were assumed to be marks of a greater sincerity, a higher regard for the sufferings of the poor. Ricardo Guraldes was exceptional in his peroccupation both with style and with the expression of national values in literature. Guiraldes referred to the importance of the gaucho on various occasions, in essays and studies, always speaking of his noble qualities, his freedom and his self-sufficiency.The first refernces to the gauchos that Guiraldes made in his work were in El cencerro de cristal. Here, the gaucho is a symbol of the pampas and and ...

Any Nursing Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Any Nursing - Research Proposal Example Some health care workers have died of occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection and drug-resistant tuberculosis (Radford, 2004). Extensive illness results from many other occupationally acquired infections (Philips, 2004). Rather than receiving displays of public sympathy, however, health care workers with occupationally acquired diseases may be ignored or ostracized, their health care benefits imperiled (Greenberg, 2005). This study would help assess the student nurses who are engaged with their related learning experiences at the clinical areas. This study certainly promote health by practicing the preventive measures that are learned in school. Furthermore, the study would promote awareness on the detrimental effects that may precipitate when their compliance to the universal precautions fall short. Consequently, this study would provide health awareness to the

CONSUMER PROTECTION (SUPERVISED COURSEWORK) Case Study

CONSUMER PROTECTION (SUPERVISED COURSEWORK) - Case Study Example A repair of the taps, replacement of the discolored bath and delivery of the shower cabinet may be accepted as a remedy. However, if this remedy is not satisfactory, consequent to faulty repair or the failure to deliver the shower cabinet, as per the contractually described one, Mr. Green may still claim a refund. Furthermore, considering that the fault was detected immediately upon delivery and installation, another remedy available to Mr. Green is the request for a reduction in price to compensate for the fault and the non delivery of the shower cabinet. In other words, the available remedies are refund, repair, reduction in price or rescission. Assuming that it is not clear in the question you are given whether it is a Hire Purchase Agreement governed by Debtor-Creditor-Supplier terms, you need to be able to identify it. Use the following as a guide: Mr. Greene purchased the Carlton Suite and this should factor into his decision whether or not to pursue the remedy of terminating the contract. In order to clarify how this particular remedy will be financially costly to the debtor, it is first necessary to point out a number of facts associated with this type of credit agreement. In the first place, as per the credit agreement, Mr. Brown does not legally own the goods and shall not be in ownership of them until he has paid the full sum owed. His contract here is with the finance company and not with Breakspears Bathrooms. In other words, and as per Consumer Credit Act, S.11(1)(a), the bathroom was sold to the financial company by Breakspears and not to Mr. Green. In this instance, Mr. Green took delivery of the suite from the financial company. As such, the bathroom suite is bailed to Mr. Green in return for periodic payments and ownership rights shall only pass to him upon his completion of all payments. Should Mr. Green determine termination to be the remedy that he will pursue, the financial burden of doing so may fall upon him. His termination order will be governed by Consumer Credit Act 1974, Section 99 and Section 100. This is further established by Yeoman Credit v Waragowski. In this matter, even though the court recognised the debtor's right

Effects of Pollution in China Essay Example for Free

Effects of Pollution in China Essay In the last two decades, the air pollution in China has increased substantially. The lack of good air quality is especially prominent in the more urban, industrialized areas of China. Environment Minister Zhou Shengxian warned, â€Å"If China meant to quadruple the size of its economy over 20 years without more damage, it would have to become more efficient in resource use. Otherwise, there would be a painful price to pay† (BBC News). The topic of air pollution is not a new concern to the world; however, the effects of air pollution, especially to the hundred of thousands of people directly or indirectly harmed by the side effects of â€Å"bad air,† should be of grave concern. According to the Ministry of Health, air pollution has made cancer the leading cost of death in China. Air pollution not only affects the people, but also the quality of fresh water, produce, and other natural resources. These kinds of environmental outcomes may seem erratic in other countries but unfortunately, it has become the norm in China. In fact, air pollution in China since the 1980’s has gotten so bad that many of the industrialized areas in Beijing and Shanghai rarely see the sun but rather clouds of smoke and fog. China, with its infamous reputation of becoming a global economic powerhouse, is ironically becoming its own downfall. In the midst of their tremendous economic and industrial growth, the energy outputs to support this growth are reaching an all-time high which means there is more residue of coal and fuel burning released in the atmosphere. In order to understand the extent of pollution in China, one must understand the environmental, social, and political aspects of it. Currently, China is the leading nation in terms of population. Even though China has approximately 1. 3 billion people living in its territory, the dangerous effects that pollution has taken upon the population is still of high concern although many people and government officials choose to not talk about it in order to not cause more burden on the already stressed country. According to the World’s Resource Institute, â€Å"respiratory disease is the number one cause of death in China† (World’s Resources Institute). In some regions, especially the major industrial zones in Hebei Province, rates of chronic lung disease are at least five times higher than the rest of the country. Even the women who do not smoke cigarettes and are living around those areas have the highest rates of lung cancer globally that pertains to the population of women who do not smoke (World’s Resources Institute). It is estimated that annual premature deaths attributable to outdoor air pollution were likely to reach 380,000 in 2010 and 550,000 in 2020 (BBC News). With these potential outcomes that are doubling every decade, China will face even more problems if these environmental issues are not dealt with now. In addition to air population, there is also the concern of water pollution which coincides with the big cycle of environmental distress. In addition, many people who live near concentrated areas of pollution do not know how to protect themselves well because they are unaware of the long term effects of inhaling the air and drinking the water. Nearly half of China’s population consumes drinking water contaminated with animal and human waste and acidic rain and erosion. While there has been an overall decline in mortality from infectious diseases, diarrheal diseases and viral hepatitis, both associated with fecal pollution of water, are the leading infectious diseases in China (World’s Resources Institute). Because of contaminated, polluted water, China has the highest liver and stomach cancer deaths in the world. While the government is preoccupied with wanting to censor all this preventable chaos, many more people are becoming ill and dying from the lack of clean resources. Water pollution has become an intricate part of the problem as well. Many of the main rivers flowing through China have been the target for dumpsites for years. Because of its mass and distance, many people do not think twice when they dump their small amount of trash or waste inside the water; however, if twenty thousand other people are having the same exact justification, then it now becomes an environmental safety hazard as well as a social problem. As a result, it is estimated that three-quarters of the rivers running through Chinese cities are so polluted that they cannot be used for drinking or fishing. Even the infamous Yellow River is suffering from man-made environmental problems. Once the countrys second biggest source of fresh water, the river is now so polluted that almost 70% is hazardous to drink; moreover, because the river has been the target for over-exploitation for many years, the water tends to dry up before it reaches the sea for almost a third of the year. According to the World Health Organization, reports estimate that diseases triggered by indoor and outdoor air pollution kill 656,000 Chinese citizens each year and polluted drinking water kills another 95,600 (Platt). The majority of the air pollution in China is generated by the burning of coal and fuel oil in order to generate electric power. They do not have that much hydropower, power that comes from the energy of massive moving water, to help with demand and supply and, therefore, rely on the burning of coal. Coal is a natural resource that is abundant in amount but requires a lot of manpower and miners to obtain it every year. Because of its population and carrying capacity, China burns more coal to produce electricity than the U. S. , Europe and Japan combined. Air pollution and acid rain, which comes from the coal residue evaporating in the form of smoke into the atmosphere, is killing people. In addition to chemical and industrial factories producing all this dirtiness into the air, vehicles of transportation also add to this pollution epidemic. In the 1990s, the number of vehicles on roads increased very rapidly, especially in medium-sized and large cities. In Beijing, the number of vehicles increased by a factor of 4, from 0. 5 million in 1990 to 2 million in 2002. In addition, the emission factor, the amount of pollution emitted by one car, in China is much higher than in developed countries because China has much lower emissions standards for automobiles (The Chinese Academy). Thus, the drastic rise in the number of vehicles and rapid development of industries in cities has led to worsening air quality, particularly higher concentrations of nitrogen oxides. The burning of poor quality fuel only adds to urban air pollution. Considering the amounts of traffic that the more urban, centralized cities deal with on a constant basis, the amount of fuel being burned into the atmosphere is reaching tremendous heights. Over the years, the government had implemented their own ways of dealing with the pollution problem as well as progressing social development. Embarrassed by the repercussions of industrialization and urbanization, China’s environmental agency insisted that the health statistics be removed from the published version of media reports because the government did not wish to cause social instability. According to Spiegel Online International, in 2007 the Chinese government put pressure on the World Bank to take potentially damaging statistics out of a report on pollution in China (Spiegel Online International). Reportedly, the World Bank reluctantly agreed to the demand of the Chinese government and this report about pollution was never published. Many people did not believe the Chinese government undergone such secretive endeavors to â€Å"protect them but rather it was just the Communist’s instinctive response to every case of bad news – to cover it as much as possible. The Chinese government often has had a hard time prioritizing pressing issues at hand and, therefore, chooses to suppress it until the issue starts developing more and then reaches the attention of foreign countries. This kind of pattern has affected the Chinese government for many years now because of its lack of aggression towards personal, current issues. In terms of the environmental issues, China’s model of pollution compared to that of the United States and Europe is worse because the density of its population is greater and people do not know how to protect themselves properly from the essential tools of life, water and air. Because of China’s reputation as being one of the leading nations in fast economic growth, the government places economic growth before any other problem the nation might have. Some may say, the country is addicted to fast growth and instances of progression. Having a strong, solid economy would place China on the map as a great superpower and can very well earn them the respect and recognition from every other nation. If China starts to slow down their industrial development and economic growth at all, the effects would be social instability, the potential to lose foreign business and trading partners, and takes away China’s hard-earned reputation. Slowing down production to solve such insignificant problems may be a stretch for the Chinese government; however, the threat of pollution is very much real and staggering, which in the long run, would affect the economy in a negative way. With the amount of health-related issues due to the environment, health care costs have climbed sharply. The lack of clean water has affected the farming and crop industry tremendously. The amounts of high energy-dependent industries create greater need for imported coal and fuel; therefore, the environmental problems gradually get harder and more expensive to address the longer they remain unresolved. According to National Geographic, the rate in which this pollution is harming women and hildren would have a great effect on the next generation of China’s leaders, especially with the many recorded incidents of birth defects and brain damage that pregnant women are inhaling everyday of their lives. The pollution in China is not just a current problem but an issue that can surely affect the future of China extensively. In recent years, the Chinese government have been striving to address these environmental issues and making reforms to reverse some of the effects. The government has set goals in order to reduce the emission of fuel and to conserve energy by reducing the level of energy that industries use as well as slowing down the demand for coals. Taking ideas from the United States, China has set to develop alternative methods of energy such as solar power. Yet most of the government’s targets for energy efficiency, as well as improving air and water quality, have not been reached. Although there are many targets and goals set forth by the government to fix this â€Å"pollution problem,† no real concrete actions has taken effect. China’s lack of fundamental changes towards conservation and energy-efficient ways has resulted in no real progression. China refused to invest a lot of money and tax reforms to reach their supposed targeted goals. Even many bureaucratic leaders and city officials often do not invest their money and efforts into closing down factories and industries because that would hurt their local economies. In a way, the government reflects a dog-eat-dog world where everyone chooses to look out for themselves in order to prosper the most. In attempts to stick to their original goals, China began to explore the idea of the Green G. D. P in the mid 2000’s. The Green G. D. P was â€Å"an effort to create an environmental yardstick for evaluating the performance of every official in China†¦it recalculated gross domestic product, or â€Å"G. D. P. ,† to reflect the cost of pollution† (BBC News). In other words, this was a way to calculate the financial loss that pollution has had on the economy and for the government to adjust their expenditures in such a way to reflect a better G. D. P. However, the calculations for some provinces in China reach staggering amounts that was unrealistic for the Chinese government to adjust because if they did, their growth rate for certain areas would be zero which means the overall economy would decline. Because of the failing numbers of the Green G. D. P for China’s economy, the government pulled out of the project in 2007. The failed success of Green GDP for the Chinese government pushed the progression of environmental friendliness preservation back because of the financial and economic issues that arose from partaking in the Green G. D. P (New York Times). One such issue that China struggles with is realizing that any attempt or unrealistic goal set forth to fix the environment problem will always be met with many obstacles and resistance. Such unfortunate issues are part of the reason why China is reluctant in fixing their environmental problems and plays a role in the still on-going pollution issue today. In 2011, Toyota Motor announced that they will be making low-emission cars in China. Because China has the biggest market for cars, Toyota Motor wanted to get into that market in an environmentally friendly way. Along with having the biggest market for cars, China also has the biggest market for pollution. China was keen on welcoming the foreign aid of car expenditures to their market because of its emphasis on producing low-emission cars in the country. As China attempts to work towards its pollution problems after many failed efforts, the people foresee this as a positive business venture on both the Japanese and Chinese because it benefits both sides. Japan would create a bigger market for themselves in East Asia and China will be on the road of becoming more green and energy-efficient, a problem that they have been facing for decades. All and all, it is safe to say that China as well as every other country around the world recognizes that the amount of pollution has increased tremendously. China has played a huge part in the matter because of its massive industrialization and urbanization that attributes to their fast economic growth. Although there are many Chinese officials and leaders out there who fail to see the correlation between air pollution and long-term health and social effects, the growth of air pollution is not going away. Although there are very few studies attributing the socio-economic class, population size, and demographics to the growth of air pollution, the presence of air pollution affects everybody. There is, indeed, a major correlation between air pollution and increased mortality; therefore, China strived to undergo many environmental-friendly programs. In short, there is sufficient evidence that exposure to outdoor air pollution is a health hazard in China. The importance of these increased health risks is greater than in developed countries because air pollution in China is at much higher levels and because the Chinese population accounts for more than one-fourth of the worlds total population. Future research will need to clarify the lifetime course of air pollution effects, examine the relevance of long-term exposures, understand alternative methods, and finding correlations between air pollution and health hazards for the Chinese population. Presently, Chinese needs to find a way to efficiently reduce pollution and increase air quality and find a way for industries to be properly monitored. This will enable the people and the Chinese government to be aware of the trends and consequences of air pollution, so they can determine how to remedy the situation in the future.